Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Of mice and men assignment Essay

Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. The main points that I will show how Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When he first meets George and Lennie * When he is looking for a fight with someone * When his wife is killed he still want to get Lennie The main points that I will show how Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie helps to causes his death in the end are: * When she first meets George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him This essay will argue that Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie while his wife is sexually provocative. Both characters combine to cause his death. The physical aggression towards Lennie starts when Curley first meets Lennie and George, â€Å"†¦Curley lashed his body around. â€Å"By Christ, he’s gotta talk when he’s spoken to. What the hell are you getting’ into it for?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦We jus’ come in,† said Lennie softly. Curley stared levelly at him. â€Å"Well, nex’ time you answer when you’re spoken to.† He turned towards the door and walked out, his elbows were still bent out a little. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From the two passages you can see that Curley’s physical aggression towards Lennie starts early in the book and is caused by Lennie not talking. This is caused after he tries quizzing them again after the boss had just finished, his father. He takes an instant disliking towards Lennie. Curley tries to show the two who is the boss and that they should mess with him but, by flexing his muscles and taking a fighting crouch but Curley is taken by surprise when Lennie answers him in a soft voice, then Curley leaves the bunk house walking with his muscles still flexed. The swamper (Candy) says â€Å"†¦Curley’s like a lot of little guys. He hates big guys. He’s alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ’em because he ain’t a big guy. You seen little guys like that, ain’t you? Always scrapping?† â€Å"Sure,† said George. â€Å"I seen plenty tough little guys. But this Curley better not make no mistake about Lennie. Lennie ain’t handy, but this Curley punk is gonna get hurt if he messes around with Lennie.† â€Å"Well, Curley’s pretty handy,† the swamper said sceptically. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  From this you find out that Curley is meant to be handy and can fight, also that Lennie my not be able to fight but is strong. You also get the feeling that you know that both of them are going to cross paths one way or another. Also Steinbeck is warning of the power and strength of Lennie in the same way with the mouse that Lennie has at the start of the book. Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie also starts when she first meets the pair, Lennie and George. â€Å"†¦Both men glanced up, for the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway was cut off. A girl was standing there looking in. She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton house dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers. â€Å"I’m lookin’ for Curley,† she said. Her voice had a nasal, brittle quality. George looked away from her and then back. â€Å"He was in here a minute ago, but he went.† â€Å"Oh!† She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. â€Å"You’re the new fellas that just come, ain’t ya?† â€Å"Yeah.† Lennie’s eyes moved down over her body, and thought she did not seem to be looking at Lennie she bridled a little. She looked at her fingernails, â€Å"sometimes Curley’s in here,† she explained. George said brusquely, â€Å"Well he ain’t now.† â€Å"If he ain’t a guess I better look some place else,† se said playfully. Lennie watched her, fascinated. George said, â€Å"If I see him, I’ll pass the word you was looking for him.† She smiled archly and twitched her body. â€Å"Nobody can’t blame a person for lookin’,† she said. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ Lennie still stared at the doorway where she had been. â€Å"Gosh, she was purty.† He smiled admiringly. George looked quickly down at him and then he took him by an ear and shook him. â€Å"Listen to me, you crazy bastard,† he said fiercely. â€Å"Don’t you even take a look at that bitch. I don’t care what she says and what she does. I seen ’em poison before, but I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her. You leave her be.† Lennie tried to disengage his ear. â€Å"I never done nothing, George.† â€Å"No, you never. But when she was standin’ in the doorway showin’ her leg, you wasn’t looking the other way, neither†¦.† The way in which Steinbeck describes Curley’s wife makes her come across as I tart. George thinks that she is a â€Å"tramp†, â€Å"jail bait† and a â€Å"rat trap†. George also gets concerned when Lennie say that she is â€Å"purty†. In this chapter Steinbeck makes the ranch sound scary, a sense of fear like he want you to know something bad is going to happen with out telling you. The next physical aggression towards Lennie is when Curley is looking for his wife and is accusing Slim. They walk in to the bunk house and Slim is fed-up with Curley asking him about his wife and lets him know but Curley dose not want to fight with Slim. He then looks around the room, Carlson also had a dig at Curley but Curley did not want to fight with him either. He knows that he will have a bit of trouble with both of these men. Then Candy says something and Curley just looks straight and him but then notices Lennie and think of fighting with him. â€Å"†¦ His eyes slipped on past and lighted on Lennie; and Lennie was still smiling with delight at the memory of the ranch. Curley stepped over to Lennie lie a terrier. â€Å"What the hell you laughin’ at?† Lennie looked blankly at him. â€Å"Huh?† Then Curley’s rage exploded. â€Å"Come on, ya big bastard. Get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show ya how’s yella.† Lennie looked hopelessly at George, and then he got up and tried to retreat. Curley was balanced and poised. He slashed at Lennie with left, and then smashed him down his nose with a right. Lennie gave a cry of terror. Blood welled from his nose. â€Å"George,† he cried. Make ‘um let me alone, George.† He backed until he was against the wall, and Curley followed, slugging him in the face. Lennie’s hands remained at his sides; he was too frightened to defend himself†¦.† â€Å"†¦Curley attacked his stomach and cut off his wind. Slim jumped up. â€Å"The dirty little rat,† he cried, â€Å"I’ll get ‘um myself.† George put out his hand and grabbed Slim. Wait a minute,† he shouted. He cupped his hands around his mouth and yelled, â€Å"Get him Lennie!† Lennie took his hands away from his face and looked about for George, and Curley slashed at his eyes. The big face was covered with blood. George yelled again, â€Å"I said get him.† Curley’s fist was swinging when Lennie reached for it. The next minute Curley was flopping like a fish on a line, and his closed fist was lost in Lennie’s big hand. George ran down the room. â€Å"Leggo of him, Lennie. Let go.† But Lennie watched in terror the flopping little man whom he held. Blood ran down Lennie’s face, one of his eyes was cut and closed. George slapped him in the face again and again, still Lennie held on to the closed fist. Curley was white and shrunken by now, and his struggling had become weak. He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw. George shouted over and over, â€Å"Leggo his hand, Lennie. Leggo. Slim, come help me while the guy got any hand left.† Suddenly Lennie let go his hold. He crouched cowering against the wall. â€Å"You tol’ me to, George,† he said miserably. Curley sat down on the floor, looking in wonder at his crushed hand. Slim and Carlson bent over him. Then Slim straightened up and regarded Lennie with horror. â€Å"We got to get him to a doctor,† he said. â€Å"Looks to me like ever’ bone in his han’ is bust†¦.† The fight started after Carlson said to Curley, â€Å"†¦You’re as yella as a frog†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then after Candy joins in saying to Curley in disgust, â€Å"†¦Glove fulla Vaseline†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This makes Curley feel angry that everyone is saying this to him. He notices that Lennie is smiling, he think that he is smiling at Curley so he orders him to his feet and begins fighting with Lennie. Lennie is too scared to fight back and just stands there. Steinbeck makes a comment of Lennie being animal like, â€Å"†¦He stood crying, his fist lost in Lennie’s paw†¦.† Steinbeck descries Lennie as being like a bear being very powerful; once Lennie had hold of something or someone he won’t let go. Just like the girl in Weed, the little mouse, Curley’s hand, the little brown and whit puppy and Curley’s wife in the end. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to Crooks room trying to find out where her husband has gone. â€Å"†¦She stood still in the doorway, smiling a little at them, rubbing the nails of one of her hand with the thumb and forefinger of the other. And her eyes travelled from one face to another. â€Å"They left all the week ones here,† she said finally. â€Å"Think I don’t know where they all went? Even Curley. I know where they all went.† Lennie watched he, fascinated; but Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes. Candy said, â€Å"Then if you know, why you want to ast us where Curley is at?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You can tell that Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie and she calls him a â€Å"dum-dum† then stands in the doorway flirting with the â€Å"weak ones†. Candy and Crooks were scowling down away from her eyes where as Lennie was fascinated by her, that shows his feeling towards her, being different from the other two men. The next time Curley’s wife is sexually provocative towards Lennie is when she goes in to the barn where Lennie is playing with his new puppy, while everyone is in a horseshoes competition. The two are alone in the barn together for the first time. â€Å"†¦ Curley’s wife moved away from him a little. â€Å"I think you’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"No I ain’t,† Lennie explained earnestly. â€Å"George says I ain’t. I like to pet nice things with my fingers, sof’ things.† She was a little bit reassured. â€Å"Well, how don’t?† She said. â€Å"Ever’ body likes that. I like to feel silk an’ velvet. Do you like to feel velvet?† Lennie chuckled with pleasure. â€Å"You bet, by God,† he cried happily. â€Å"An’ I had some, too. A lady gave me some, an’ that lady was – my own Aunt Clara. She gave it right to me-‘ about this big a piece. I wished I had that velvet right now.† A frown came over his face. â€Å"I lost it,† he said. â€Å"Ain’t seen it for a long time.† Curley’s wife laughed at him. â€Å"You’re nuts,† she said. â€Å"But you’re kinda nice fe lla. Jus’ like a big baby. But a person can see kinda what you mean. When I’m doin’ my hair sometimes I jus’ set an’ stroke it’ cause it’s soft†. To show how she did it, she ran her fingers over the top of her head. â€Å"Some people got kinda coarse hair,† she said complacently. â€Å"Take Curley. His hair is jus’ like wire. But mine is soft and fine. ‘Course I brush it a lot. That makes it fine. Here- feel right here.† She took Lennie’s hand and put it on her head. â€Å"Feel right aroun’ there an’ see how soft it is.† Lennie’s big fingers fell to stroking her hair. â€Å"Don’t you muss it up,† she said. Lennie said â€Å"Oh! That’s nice,† and he stroked harder. â€Å"Oh, that’s nice.† â€Å"Look out, now, you’ll muss it.† And then she cried angrily, â€Å"You stop it now, you’ll mess it all up.† She jerked her head sideways, and Lennie’s fingers closed on her hair and hung on. â€Å"Let go,† she cried. â€Å"You let go!† Lennie was in a panic. His face was contorted. She screamed then, and Lennie’s other hand closed over her mouth and nose. â€Å"Please don’t,† he begged. â€Å"Oh! Please don’t do that. George’ll be mad.† She struggled violently under his hands. Her feet battered on the hay and she writhed to be free; and from under Lennie’s hand came a muffled screaming. Lennie began to cry with fright. â€Å"Oh! Pleas don’t do non of that,† he begged. â€Å"George gonna say I done a bad thing. He ain’t gonna let me tend no rabbits.† He moved his hand a little and her hoarse cry came out. Then Lennie grew angry. â€Å"Now don’t,† he said. â€Å"I don’t want you to yell. You gonna get me in trouble jus’ like George says you will. Now don’t you do that.† And she continued to struggle, and her eyes were wild with terror. He shook her then, and he was angry with her. â€Å"Don’t you go yellin’,† he said and shook her; and her body flopped like a fish. And then she was still, for Lennie had broken her neck. He looked down at her, and carefully he removed his hands from over her mouth, and she lay still. â€Å"I don’t want ta hurt you,† he said. â€Å"But George’ll be mad if you yell.† When she didn’t answer nor move he bent closely over her. He lifted her arm and let it drop. For a moment he seemed bewildered. And then he whispered in fright, â€Å"I done a bad thing. I done a bad thing.† He pawed up the hay until it partly covered her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  All the trouble starts when she tries to be nice to Lennie by comforting him about the dead pup. When the two get talking they both go on about different thing, not really communicating just talking about their own problems. They both find that they have something in common which are soft things and even thou she know the strength of Lennie and that she thinks he’s nuts she still encourage him to play with her hair. When Curley wife starts to scream Lennie does what he’s done in the past, squeezed the life out of it just like the mice, woman in Weed, Little pup and Curley’s hand. Steinbeck describes the attack by Lennie on Curley and Curley’s wife in the same way, â€Å"Like I fish† which when you think of a limp fish it does nothing and is useless. Finally the next time Curley’s wife is contributes towards Lennie’s death is when she is dead as Lennie know that George will not be happy with him. â€Å"†¦ I done a real bad thing,† he said. â€Å"I shouldn’t of did that. George’ll be mad. An’†¦he said†¦an’ hide in the brush till he come. He’s gonna be mad. In the brush till he come. Tha’s what he said.† Lennie went back and looked at the dead girl. The puppy lay close to her. Lennie picked it up. â€Å"I’ll throw him away,† he said. â€Å"It’s bad enough like it is.† He put the pup under his coat, and he crept to the barn wall and peered out between the cracks, toward the horseshoe game. And then he crept around the end of the last manger and disappeared†¦.† After killing Curley’s wife Lennie knows that George will not be happy with what he has done, killing the pup and well as Curley’s wife. He remembers to go and hide and decided that he must hide the dog. Finally the next time Curley shows his physical aggression towards Lennie is when he finds out his wife had been killed. â€Å"†¦Curley came suddenly to life. â€Å"I know who done it,† he cried. â€Å"That big son-of-a-bitch done it. I know he done it. Why- ever’ body else was out there playin’ horseshoes.† He worked himself into a fury. â€Å"I’m gonna get him. I’m going for my shotgun. I’ll kill the big-son-of-a-bitch myself. I’ll shoot ‘im in the guts. Come on, you guys.† He ran furiously out of the barn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦Slim stood looking down at Curley’s wife. He said, â€Å"Curley- maybe you better stay here with your wife.† Curley’s face reddened. â€Å"I’m goin’,† he said. â€Å"I’m gonna shoot the guts outta that big bastard myself, even if I only got one hand. I’m gonna get ‘im†¦.† When Curley finds out his wife has been killed by Lennie he feel humiliated by this and the fact that it’s happened twice make him want revenge more. The fact that he dose not care about his wife, the fact that Slim touches his wife to find out what is up with her and to make sure she is dead. If he did care about her as well then he would have not cared about going out to kill Lennie he would have wanted to stay with his wife. Steinbeck makes Curley sound like a cold man who just wants Lennie dead. Although Lennie is shot by George in the end as Steinbeck make you fell that George ought to do it him self. As earlier in the book when Candy lets someone kill his dog he regrets it from the first moment and say that he should have killed it himself. From what I have found within of mice and men Curley is physically aggressive towards Lennie, while his wife is sexually provocative. These two characters create trouble for Lennie from the start and combine to cause his death in the end. Curley’s physically aggression towards Lennie that helps to causes his death in the end was: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * Looking for a fight with someone * After wife is killed he still want to get Lennie Curley’s wife sexually provocative towards Lennie which helps to causes his death in the end were: * The first meeting with George and Lennie * When Lennie is with Candy and Crooks in the bunk house * At the end when both of them are in the barn alone together * Even when she is dead as Lennie knows that George will be mad at him I feel that they both help to contribute towards Lennie’s death in the end both in different way.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Recruitment and Selection Process

Referencing should be provided in Harvard Style referencing. The word count limit for this assignment is 2500 words excluding references. (Index is not required for this assignment). The assignments shou-ld be completed in Font Tlpe: Time New Roman with Size 12 and double spacing between lines. For Office Use Ouly Result Deliverer Internal Verifier Name & Signature Date -J#E+ E‚ ¬EgEl :ffis3 rysi! l tr ri : , † l,lorrorl. r'r†r,r Course: HNC/HND Diploma in Business Unit 14 Working with and Leading People Assessment Decision Form To be tilled in by the Assessors & Verifier Assessors CommentInternal VerifierJModerator Comment: Any Action to be taken By Assessor: Exam Board Committee (EBC) Review: fflE ir-:;-:;: i, r' Managerrre:nt large national you have recently been appointed io the Human Resource Department of a staff of non managerial retailer, with specific responsluility for recruitment assistant for its Bradford branch and you The company is wanting to recrui t a full,time sales advise the senior management team of have been asked to prepare all relevant-oocumentation, they must observe and take part in the any legal, regulatory'and ethical considerations ecruitment Process.TASK that you comprete and encrose the following: rn order to full meet this brief you shourd ensure 1 ‘Abriefstaiementfortheseniormanagementteamoutliningthediffere- ncesandmerits your recommendations for the processes with between internal and external recruitment most suitable method' 2. A Job description correct format and person specification for the Job using the They could include some or all of the following: Job description . Job title o Department and location of Post . Broad terms of Job o Responsible to whom .Scope of Post Education and qualifications r Name of compiler and approver . Date of issue Person specification . Job title and reference number . Essential and desirable attributes r Physical characteristics required r Attainments and qualificat ion . Previous experience . Generalintelligence . Special aptitudes r Temperament and Personality . Hobbies and interests . Personalcircumstances ffln Miuragern-ient TASK 2 You must produce a briefing sheet for the senior management team to guide them on aspects of law relating to recruitment and selection of candidates. This should include:Sex Discrimination Act 1995197 Race Relations Act 1992 Equal payAct 1970 Disability Discrimination Act 1997 and 2005 Employment Act 2002 National Minimum Wage (current levels) Data Protection Act 1998 Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006 Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) ‘Religion or Belief) (Amendment) Regulations 2007 Any other relevant Acts (if any) There should also be a section on ethical issues such as: asking candidates the same questions guidelines for interviewers who are related to candidates gender and ethnic balance on interview panels TASK 3In pairs you will be interviewing a prospective candidate who has submitt ed a completed application form. For this task you wili need to complete and enclose the following: 1. Prepare a list of questions 2. to ask the interviewee based on their completed application form. Conduct the interview and write a brief statement afterwards to analyse how you contributed to the selection process. What went well and what could have been improved? fflG In order to achieve Pass Grade Evidence on page Tasks staff To include Job description, person specification, interview questionsAssess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations tn the reernifment and seleetion orocess 5 Take part in the selection Process 4. Evaluate own contribution to the selection process All Tasks 1 – 4 should be completed In order to achieve Merit Grade Effective Judgements have been shown in tasks 1 -4 In order to achieve Distinction Grade A critical reflection is evicient on tasks 1-4 Assessor's Feedback on Outcome Criteria LO 1. t. z Assessment Criteria )repare documen tation to select and recruit a new member of staff assess the impact of legal, egulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment Assessor's Comments take part in the selection process evaluate own contribution to tfre selection process lvlanzrgement Learning outcomes LOI recru itment, selection and retention Be able procedures Assessment criteria for pass The learner has to: 1. prepare documentation to select and recruit a new member of staff I-. 2 assess the impact of legal, regulatory and ethical considerations to the recruitment and selection process 1. 3 take part in the selection process 1. 4 evaluate own contribution to the selection process .

Monday, July 29, 2019

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability Assignment

Property Law and Practice - Report on Legal Liability - Assignment Example Act, 1996 states that no landowner can carry out construction or repair work to his property, which might impact an adjacent property without adhering the procedures laid down in the Act. An owner who is willing to initiate construction work stipulated under the Act must serve a notice to adjacent owners about their plan in the mode as prescribed in the Act. If a minor repair work is carried on the party wall, there is no need to serve notice under the Act. The Act covers both residential and commercial properties. (Wood et al, p.205). It is to be noted that adjoining owners may accept or disown what is proposed. When the adjacent owners oppose, the Act offers a way for solving the issues. The procedure set at the Party Wall Act is distinct from getting planning approval or approval under building regulations. Under section 2 of the Act, the owner should serve a notice to the adjacent owner where the proposed construction work is to a subsisting party wall even where the work may not extend away from the centre line of a party wall. It is not necessary that a party wall shall inevitably to have a border line running through its centre line but can stand astride peculiarly over it. A owner should serve a notice on the adjoining owners of a party wall about the intended construction or excavation and where a disagreement arises as regards to a party wall under section 1, or when no written consent has been received within fourteen days from the date of service of notice under section 2, then, issue has to be resolved with the help of a surveyor through a dispute resolution mechanism. The primary aim is that by placing the matters out of the parties’ purview, and assigning them to the independent experts, the Act offers Owners with a magnitude of certainty and minimises the peril of work being prolonged by protracted discussions. The Act places more onus on surveyors as the surveyors are required to comprehend where Act is applicable, and what has to be adh ered so as to make sure that a property owner adheres with the Act as the non-adherence will have disastrous outcomes. In Roadrunner case, Court of Appeal held that non-compliance of the Act will not only attract damages for non-adherence but also the Court will not take a lenient view of the failure by a party to adhere with the Act. Thus, this case stresses that a property owner who fails to adhere with the provisions of the Act is accountable for damages suffered by another party in spite of nonexistence of concrete corroboration that repairs carried out by that party really responsible for that damages. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiv). The above Act provides some rights to building owners who intends to carry out some sorts of structural changes to a subsisting party wall in addition to the rights available under common law. In Holbeck Hall Hotel, the Court of Appeal viewed that there is a measured obligation of care or fairness between neighbours to assess the respective pr ivileges and commitments between neighbouring owners. If a building owner must be careful not even start repairing his own side of the party wall without informing the adjacent owners of the proposed repair or construction. (Hannaford & Stephens, 2004, p.xiii). It is to be noted that though the Act does not make it compulsory to serve a notice on the adjacent owners, but adjoining owners can prevent the construction work through a court injection or through other legal means. Further, it is to be noted t

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example Therefore, for an entrepreneur to succeed in combining innovations to revolutionize the patterns of production, he has to carry out new combinations in productions, through a process that requires a work force. In addition, entrepreneurs require professional management skills, since their obsession becomes a liability in managing the growth of a business. 2. On the other hand, feasibility analysis before venturing in a business is necessary, since the analysis enables an entrepreneur to understand the business process and identify the factors that will facilitate success s of the business venture. Therefore, venturing in to a business without conducting a feasibility test can lead to an over estimation or underestimation of factors that will facilitate the continuation of the business. For example, an entrepreneur may have an idea of starting a business, which requires acquisition of a certain machine for production. If the entrepreneur fails to conduct a technical feasibility analysis, a technical problem on the machine can cause a downfall of the business. Therefore, if the entrepreneur had decided to conduct a technical feasibility analysis, he would have had the chance of identifying availability of technical expertise to correct the problem if it occurs, hence sustaining productivity in the Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2 Entrepreneurship - Essay Example on creating positive outcome for new products and services as well as in the operational processes of that particular business or start up that engages in it. The managerial processes, the market segment and the organizational structure of the business may also experience the positive impact of innovation when it is clearly and properly implemented and integrated into the business. Different businesses and startup companies engage in innovation for different reasons. The ultimate goal of innovation is to improve the businesses (Lee et al., 2000). The changes that are associated with innovation are intended to improve the efficiency, profitability and the viability of that particular business. There are several aspects of a business that are known to benefit from innovation both in an existing businesses or a new entrepreneurial start up. Some of these aspects and areas include finance, research and development, sales, human resources and marketing. Acs and Szerb (2009) state that innovation does not need to be new or revolutionary for it to be of benefit to the business or entrepreneurial start up. The aim of this paper is to explore the role that is played by innovation in entrepreneurial startups and in the growth of businesses. This is done through a reviewed of existing literature in peer reviewed journals. In order to unravel and explore the role of innovation in entrepreneurial startups and in the growth of businesses, this paper relies on secondary data that exist in journals. To explore and understand how innovation impacts on entrepreneurial startups and the role that it plays in the growth of existing businesses, the paper will use peer reviewed journals. The journals that will be used in this paper are those that deal with innovation, entrepreneurship and growth of businesses. In selecting the journals to be used in the paper, an analysis of various journals that deal with the topic was done. After this, the journals that contain data and information

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Emotional Letdown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Letdown - Essay Example Dunn (n.d) points out that, there is a middle space that acts like an equilibrium in such a way that, when the emotions are high, then there will be a time they will be pulled down to settle into this space. In other words, the feeling of emotional letdown results from the process of trying to settle to the original situation. In some situations, the problem arises from lack of an alternative goal to pursue or lack of proper fall back plan leading to a worrying kind of situation. For instance, several days after celebrating the attainment of the degree, the graduate starts to feel the challenge of adjusting to the new environment and may start worrying about how to secure employment. The emotional letdown may sometimes result to serious problems like depression if not checked and corrected within a reasonable time. Some symptoms of emotional letdown are a feeling of anxiety or frequent feeling of fear or panic, sometimes for no apparent reason. In some cases, a person may feel hopeless, withdrawn and uninterested in anything, or may even have sleeplessness and lack of appetite; these lead to depression. Moreover, a person may experience frequent flashbacks on events that happened during high times leading to stress and sometimes, the person may engage in alcohol and drugs abuse. When these symptoms persist, then professional attention becomes the only way out. The first step towards moving out of emotional letdown is accepting the situation, and then engaging in a different activity like exercising/fitness even if it seems a tall order, in order to eliminate the negative emotions from the mind (Dunn n.d). Doing a new thing like reading motivational books, enrolling in community activities, joining a college, starting an intellectual project at home, and sporting are important in transforming the negative emotion. In some situations, one should establish a new goal and focus his/her efforts on

Friday, July 26, 2019

Human Resource Practices, employee voice and quit rate in outsourcing Essay

Human Resource Practices, employee voice and quit rate in outsourcing industry in India - Essay Example This paper is written as a research proposal to investigate various issues like Human Resource Practices, Employee Voice and Quit Rate in Outsourcing Industry in India. Since India is a country which is diversified in many ways, thus a unique HRM strategy can not be formulated. The research is conducted to find out the parameters which are required to be considered while formulating HRM strategies for outsourcing businesses in India. The objective of this research is to find out why many employees quit from the outsourcing industry in India. The research will try to make a study as to whether employee quit because of insufficient compensation or any other reasons. The increasing quit rates are actually an important concern of cost for organizations. This is because quit rates increase labor costs (Oi 1962) and at the same time they decrease organizational functioning (Norsworthy and Zabala 1986). According to Freeman and Medoff (1984) industrial relations show that in firms which have a union the quit rate is lesser than when compared to those firms which has no unions. Unions actually in firms are a tool through which the employees can voice their problems and seek better compensation instead of quitting. Arthur (1994) feels that current research on better commitment and high level of performance is in reality a coherent set of human resource (HR) practices. This coherent set can also bring in better performance on the part of the employees according to Ichniowski etal, (1996). High rate of quitting by the employees will sabotage functioning (Alexander, Bloom, and Nuchols 1994; Huselid 1995). Appelbaum et al., (2000) state that better performance patterns comprise those that commit in the accomplishments of the work force and furnish the chance and inducements for employees to utilize those skills efficiently. â€Å"Employee retention is critical to the long term health and success of company

Transportation industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Transportation industry - Essay Example The groundwork for the industrialization and rapid postwar economic growth of America was laid by civil war, stimulated by state initiatives such as the transcontinental railroad. The South, devastated by war the south shared very little in the economic growth of the United States until World War II. It also brought changes to the economy and society. For instance urbanization mainly because of capitalism, immigration, rises of huge prosperous businesses through trusts, emergence of new technology (Gallagher, 2003). Farmers: Farmers suffered losses; as a result, of industrialization. Agriculture, like other industries, were becoming merchandised and commercial and, as a result, fewer farmers were needed (Gallagher, 2003). Native Americans: They were all affected by migration incentives. With the construction of Railway forth came the transformation of the west and downfall of the frontier. Eventually the Native American tribes were involuntary forced to relocate. Immigrants: Industrialization gave the sense of the idea that one nation was better than another nation. United State started laying down immigration laws; as a result, of increased immigration. Examples of immigrants were Chinese and European (Gallagher, 2003). Middle and lower class group of workers: The rise of specialized jobs came with invention and production of factory machines. This took jobs of thousands of factory workers across the country (Gallagher, 2003). Development of new products: Both the inventors and business leaders created and sold a variety of new products such as petrol engine car, record player, barbed wire, typewriter among other products (Barden, 2011). Distribution and communication: The American railway system in late 1800’s became a nationwide transportation network which made business operations for average working class more efficient (Cobb, 2004). Freedom to slaves from all over the South, they now found themselves without a system that once had

Thursday, July 25, 2019

SEE WROD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SEE WROD - Assignment Example irst was conducted by a company introducing an online television service through the payment of per hour basis, where it sampled 218 undergraduates (Bagchi and Davis 65). The second research involved the use of 216 online personnel where they were required to choose the lowest set of per unit price from a variety of price presentations (Bagchi and Davis 67). The third research used 167 participants where they were to select a movie package price in relation to happiness and importance variables. In the first research, customers’ value-perceptions and trial like-hood are based on difficult calculations of the first item in the larger package. The second hypothesis was customers’ perceptions are influenced by certain conditions when evaluating complex calculations and large packages. The third hypothesis was customers perceive trial likelihoods based on dependent variables (Bagchi and Davis 70). In the first study, consumers purchase a product based on the first information of the large package and later adjust inadequately based on time constraint. The second study confirms that customers’ trial like-hoods are based on the unit price. The study indicates customers achieve trial like-hood in large packages during complex calculations, when the unit price appears before the item in presentation order (Bagchi and Davis

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auditing - Case Study Example Overstating of revenues and the understating of expenses Revenues can be overstated so as to show that the company is doing well and that would attract new shareholders. The shareholders would be attracted by the increased revenues and that would imply that they would also get more dividends from the company because of the god performance of the company. The understating of expenses will mean that the profits of the company will increase and that will be appealing to the shareholders of the company (Kara and David, 178). The above facts will make the area of revenues and expenses more risky because the areas will have a direct effect on the shareholders decision concerning investment decisions. The auditor should carry out all the required procedures to ensure that the financial statements of the company reflect a true and fair view and the information will be useful for the shareholders and other company stakeholders. From the financial statements of the company, the operating incom e from sales has increased from 175.80 in 2011 to 197.40 in 2012. The increase in income is consistent with the increase in the previous years. However, that should not be the case because the margin of increase of tax is more than the other years, which are 33.30 in 2011 to 51.50 in 2012. That could imply that there is a probability that either the revenues were overcastted or the expenses understated and hence the area is a risky area. The company also has a reduced gross margin of 83.30 from 132.40 from 2011 and that could serve as an indicator for further investigations to ensure that there was no under stating of the expenses and the overstating of the incomes listed as other incomes. 2. Understating cost of sales The cost of sales can be understated to show an overstated profit. Cost of sales usually increases because of inefficiency in the company operations. Efficiency usually arises from the machinery that are been used, the company processes and the operations of the emplo yees. The company should ensure that it purchases its raw products at the lowest price possible to keep costs at a low level. The level of efficiency in a company is usually hard to calculate. The efficiency of the machines is usually dependent on a number of factors that may include the age of the machine and the power supply available to the machine. In that case, the auditors should treat the area of the cost of sales as a risky area because if the amounts are understated, the investors are likely to get a loss because of wrong investment decisions. Most investors usually carry out an analysis such as ratio analysis that can be used to endure that the ratios are favorable for the investor. The change in the cost of sales as compared to the prior years as per the financial statements of Stagecoach Company is not consistent. The issue of inconsistent could act as a risky area that needs further investigations and the auditor should analyze that area. The cost of sales has increased to 2507.40 in 2012 from 2257.40 in 2011. However, the operating income of the company in 2012 is greater than that in 2011. 3. Current assets and liabilities The area of current assets and liabilities is a risky area because a company can overstate its current assets and understate the liabilities to make the financial position of a company to be more appealing to investors. That is not a good thing on the part of

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Did Marx think that capitalism is unjust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Did Marx think that capitalism is unjust - Essay Example The theory of Base and the Superstructure is also a part of this theory. The capitalist society made of human beings form the base over which the Superstructure of the social, political, legal or religious institutions of the state is built (Friedman & Friedman, 1962, p. 42). The ownership class dominates this superstructure but the economic base will have its effect on the operation of the Superstructure. When a conflict between the social relations of the base and the owners of the forces of production takes place, it leads to a change in the superstructure (Lukes, 1987, p.47). The distinctiveness of a social class will depend on the relationship it has with the forces of production. This particular theory of Marx led to various controversies in the modern times. Discussion Capitalism theory discusses about an economic structure in which there is private ownership of means of production and the owners have the sole motive of profit maximisation (David, 1987, p.72). The main compone nts of capitalist society are accumulation of capital, competition in markets and labour who would be paid wages. At the end of feudalism, capitalism has evolved in the Western countries. Marx explains that a Capitalist Society can be classified into two classes such as the Bourgeois and the Proletariat (Dahrendorf, 1959, p.21). The Bourgeois or the Capitalist class are the ones who owned the means of production, which include the land, raw materials, machinery which are required to produce the final product. The Proletariat on the other hand are those who do not have possession of these means and hence trades of their labour in return of wages. According to his theory the ownership class and the working class are dependent on each other in a view for exchanging mutually while the production process would go on (Brass, 2004, p.23). The ownership class would need the labour class for the production with the use of their physical labour. The working class would get the opportunity to work and earn wages which is necessary for their survival (Schumpeter, 2013, P.36). This relation is however governed by exploitation and conflict of interest. Karl Marx claimed that the so called capitalists would be able to earn profits by exploitation of their workers. Profits are accumulated by the capitalist's requisition of surplus value formed by unstinted labour of the workers (Carver, 1982, p.43). Put in a different way, the wages that the labourers were paid were way less than the value that they contributed to their employers. The theory states that the workers work for a period of necessary labour and they return back the same worth of production as the wages they are paid. The concept of surplus labour comes here. The period of time when the workers produce in excess of the necessary labour is the capital gain for the employers. They make no equivalent outlay in return of this. Thus the rate of surplus value would be the degree of exploitation the employers impose on th eir labourers (Bengo, n.d., p.9). Marx regarded this phenomenon as a system where there was exploitation of labourers systematically. Marxism incorporated the concept of non reciprocal benefit where one party benefits the other but the other does not reciprocate in the same way. Thus one party remain wrongly exploited by the unjust. This according to Marx is exploitation and Capitalism is unjust. Marx held that a worker was ethically entitled to the product of his own labour with certain deductions like the

Monday, July 22, 2019

Scholarly vs Pop Media Focus on Sexuality Essay Example for Free

Scholarly vs Pop Media Focus on Sexuality Essay Abortion is the termination of human pregnancy. According to Greenberg, Bruess Conklin there are two types of abortion, Spontaneous abortions, and induced abortion. The natural termination of a pregnancy is called spontaneous abortion or usually called miscarriages, and it occurs when the fetus stop developing and its expulse from the utero. Abortions requiring intervention to end the pregnancy are technically called Induce Abortion. Induce abortion has various methods including Vacuum aspiration, manual vacuum aspiration, medical abortion, or dilation and evacuation. Vacuum aspiration is the most common abortion in the United States, and is a â€Å"surgical procedure that uses a suction tube to evacuate the contents of the uterus, which can be used through the first weeks and the second trimester† (Greenberg, Bruess Conklin, 2010). The manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) is a variation of vacuum aspiration that can be used from the detection of pregnancy up to 12 weeks since the last menstrual period. (Greenberg, Bruess Conklin, 2010). The medical abortion is the used of drug to provoke the abortion. Dilation and evacuation occurs during the second trimester of pregnancy. This type of induces abortion â€Å"involves dilating the cervix, scraping the wall of the uterus and removing the endometrial lining with suction† (Greenberg, Bruess Conklin, 2010). â€Å"Should Parental Involvement Be Required for Minors Abortions? † by Hyman Rodman. In 1973, the U. S Supreme Court gave constitutional authorization to women’s’ right to abortion after Roe vs. Wade case. â€Å"The basis for the Courts decision was a womans right to privacy: This right of privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendments concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the District Court determined, in the Ninth Amendments reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a womans decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy (Rodman, 1991). One of the major restriction were debate in the U. S.  Supreme Court regarding the women right to an abortion was whether to required parental involvement for minors’ abortions. There are many reason of why parental involvement should not be legally necessary. Since abortion right to women was pass in 1973, many attempts have been made to end the right to abortion, to make abortion illegal, eliminate Medicaid funds to pay for abortions, all attempts have failed because â€Å"district courts ruled them unsontitutional and as these decisions were upheld by the U. S. Supreme Court Roadman 1991) The debates of abortion still a controversial in two levels, state and national. At the state level legislatures are trying to enact or restrict abortions for reasons of sex selection, with the exception of saving the mother’s life, prohibiting abortions after certain stage of the fetus, the used of Medicaid or federal funds to pay abortion, but the most controversial questions has to do with underage abortions, and particularly with whether to pass laws for underage permission or parental consent to have an abortion. The Court declared a minors right to an abortion, but it change from state to state. The states decision on parental consent or involvement in minors’ abortion is a difficult task for the state because of the state courts have to balance the constitutional right of parental and minor’s rights. The States may or not require the involvement or consent of one or both parents. If the minor does not want to have her parents’ involvement the minor can evade by going to the court. There are many reasons of why parent should and should not be involve in minors decision on having an abortion. Rodman state that â€Å"There is a pro-life argument that parental involvement will help teens to make a better and more informed decision about an unwanted pregnancy, and that this will improve the health of teenagers† (rodman, 1991) There are three reasons of why parents should not be involve in minors decision on having an abortion that Rodman present in this article, the first one is voluntary involvement, there is evidence that good parent-child communication about sexual matters leads to more responsible sexual behavior by adolescents. But when communication is forced it is more likely to be hostile and non supportive. The second reason is because â€Å"Bureaucratic Excess† when the minor avoid parental involvement with judicial bypass. â€Å"Judicial bypass involves establishing court procedures so that minors can exercise their right of privacy if they want to obtain an abortion without parental consent or notification† (Rodman, 1991). And the third reason is â€Å"uniqueness of that decision indeed a unique status applies to reproductive health decisions generally, because the courts have recognized that reproductive health decisions are unique in their urgency, importance, and sensitivity† (Rodman, 1991). Rodman state that If legislators and policymakers would acknowledge that, they would abandon their efforts to require parental involvement in abortion decisions and devote much greater attention to providing support for basic programs in education and public welfare that would reduce poverty, increase opportunities, enhance parent-child communication, and eliminate many of the unintended pregnancies that create a demand for minors abortions â€Å"Parental Involvement Laws and their effect on Abortion-Minded † by Robert Schwarzwalder. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the number of abortion has decreased since 1990 by 20% and it’s due to the parental involvement laws. Michael News 2008 Family Research Council study found that parental involvement laws within the various states have had a positive effect in reducing the amount of abortions in underage population. The Supreme Court allowed the states to create laws for minors to gain parental notification or consent to have abortions. But the Supreme Court required that the states to have Parental Involvement laws must have a judicial. By 2008, 36 states had adopted Parental Involvement law with a positive results, the results are that the among of abortion in minors (between 1985-1999) have drop by almost 50 % in contract of the states that parental Involvement is not required, the rate of abortion in minors drop only by 13. 4%. Also, laws that require both parents involvement reduces the in-state abortion rate of minors by about 31%† (Schwarzwalder, 2008) This study support that the states that support and enact the parental involvement law or required parental consent has an effect in the number of abortion by minors. And the effect is a positive, the decline of abortion of minors. Both parents involvement reduce the minors’ abortion rate even more. Schwarzwalder’s finding suggests that state and federal legislation to â€Å"mandates parental involvement in abortions for minors causes an ov erall decline in the abortion rate among minors. Both articles: â€Å"Should Parental Involvement Be Required for Minors Abortions? † by Hyman Rodman and â€Å"Parental Involvement Laws and their effect on Abortion-Minded † by Robert Schwarzwalder refer to the ROE vs WAVE case outcome in 1973, the women right to abortion. Rodman and Schwarzwalder explain in their article the bypass and it procedures, and both authors talk about the remarkable influence of parental involvement in minors during the decision of abortion. Rodman explained why parents should or should not be part of minors’ decision toward abortion. Rodman and Schwarzwalder agree that when parents are involve in their children (minors) sexual health the outcomes positive, Rodman said that â€Å"parental involvement will help teens to make a better and more informed decision about an unwanted pregnancy, and that this will improve the health of teenagers† (Rodman, 1991) and Schwarzwalder the declined of abortion in minors. Rodman explains why parents should or should be part of minors’ rights in abortion, he does not take a side or either should parents be involved or not. Rodman conclusion in his article is that the â€Å"legislators and policymakers should focus on provide support for basic programs in education and public welfare that would reduce poverty, increase opportunities, enhance parent-child communication, and eliminate many of the unintended pregnancies that create a demand for minors abortions† (Rodman, 1991) instead of deciding either parents involvement in abortion in underage. Schwarzwalder conclude his article by stated that parental consent reduce the number of minors’ abortion rate compare to the states that do not required parental consent or knowledge. In contrast to Rodman, Schwarzwalder just give the outcome of parental involvement in minors abortion but he fail to give detail and the reason of why and how parental involvement help to the positive outcome on decreasing the number of abortion. Even thou the two articles were good source of information for my research, I find out that the best source of information was the peer review because peer review is the evaluation of work by other people in the same field in order to maintain or improve the quality of the work in the same field. A primary difference between peer review and popular media is that the peer review has to be approving by recognized researcher in the field, read and evaluated before the article is submitted for publication. Peer review will be published (approved) send it backs to author to be revised or rejected if it does not meet the discipline’s standards of expertise. In peer review journal the author are in general Experts (scholar, professor etc. ), notes usually includes reference a notes or bibliographic. The language used in the article is written for exerts using technical language in the field. The audience is scholars or researcher in the field, and the frequency is usually monthly or quarterly. While the popular media the author are usually journalist, nonprofessional or layperson. The article has few or NO notes at all; the writing is for nonprofessional or layperson, and frequency is weekly or monthly. But the most important difference is that the review, while peer review journal is review by peer scholar not employed by the journal, the popular media article is review by one or more editors employed by the magazine.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Media In The Vietnam War

Media In The Vietnam War Throughout Americas history, the United States has won the majority of all of its major conflicts. Up until the Vietnam War, America was seen as invincible and unbeatable. At the time, television and personal audio recorders were becoming more mainstream. News by television was growing for the first time, people were turning to TV rather than the newspaper or radio to learn about current events.  [1]  The news was uncensored, and citizens, for the first time, were able to view the reality of war. Although the Vietnam War initially had the publics full support, uncensored anti-war news coverage on the newly developed commercial television influenced popular sources of entertainment, like music artists, which in turn led people to protest the war; the protests, combined with the major losses and defeats in the conflict, prompted the government to withdraw from Vietnam. The Vietnam War was a Cold War conflict that officially started on the first of November, 1955. President Lyndon B. Johnson took full advantage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which occurred in 1964; the resolution allowed the President to use conventional military power in south Asia without the approval of Congress. President Johnson used this incident as a reason to escalate troop levels in Vietnam, thus escalating the conflict.  [2]  The escalated conflict, which turned into a full-scale war, was fought between North Vietnam and its Communist allies and South Vietnam supported by anti-communist nations. The larger strategy at hand was the containment of communism. Started as a Russian revolution, the Soviets had started spreading Communism throughout the world. Although the war technically started in 1955, it wasnt until the early 1960s that US troop levels began to grow rapidly.  [3]  In 1968, the US launched the infamous Tet Offensive, an operation in which there were many casualties on both sides.  [4]  The Tet Offensive marked the period in which approval for the war started to rapidly decline which would later cause the U.S, five years later to start a peace process in which the US would eventually withdraw from Vietnam.  [5]  This peace processes ended two years later in 1975 with the capture of Saigon by North Vietnamese forces.  [6]   Although veterans sharing their experiences of war happened in any previous war, the Vietnam War was exposed much more through new technology such as television, and personal audio recorders. At the same time the Vietnam War was starting, citizens started switching where they would get their news information. A series of surveys conducted by the Roper Organization for the Television Information Office from 1964 until 1972 demonstrates the growing power of television; multiple answers allowed, respondents were asked from which medium they got most of their news, 58 percent said television; 56 percent, newspapers; 26 percent, radio; and 8 percent, magazines.  [7]  By 1972, 64 percent said television while the number of respondents who primarily relied on newspapers dropped to 50 percent.  [8]  TV was more attention-grabbing than newspapers and radio the visual element allowed user to feel as if they were in the middle of the intense battles and death. Additionally, intense vis uals helped explain the complex nature of war to Americans who might not understand the militarys technical language. Furthermore, anchors, who hosted the news programs quickly became famous in fact, Walter Croncrite, a major anchor at the time was often cited as the most trusted man in America.  [9]  This trust in the media led people to quickly believe their word as fact, clearly spreading the medias bias throughout Americas culture. When footage of the Tet Offensive started coming out in early 1968, the dominant view that the war was just was quickly flip-flopped. The media started showing more anti-war footage, with a focus on critics of the Johnson administration.  [10]  Most importantly, the footage of the My Lai massacre, where hundreds of Vietnamese were killed in cold blood by Americans, acted as a main example of why peace needed to be established.  [11]  Later on, the media focused on domestic anti-war movements, which further exemplified how the Vietnam War was unjust. Not only were Americans seeing the war in a new way, they were also seeing more casualties coming back from the front. All the way from the beginning of the war to the end, the casualty rates were rising at a constant rate. By 1968, there was an average of 1200 men who died per month in Vietnam.  [12]  Correlating with the increase in deaths at the front, more and more American soldiers were sent to Vietnam, and by 1968 over half a million troops were stationed there.  [13]  At the same time, naturally, the approval rating for then-President Lyndon B. Johnson plummeted to an all time low even as low as 35% during the Tet Offensive.  [14]  Because American approval for Johnson went steadily lower over time, it can be inferred that it was because of his actions during his time as president. Since there were so many casualties and little progress was being made in Vietnam, most people thought the war was unwinnable, which was later confirmed in 1968 by the top news anchor o f the time, Walter Cronkite.  [15]  This notion that the war was unwinnable furthered the American publics cause to end the war and bring the remaining soldiers home. This general feeling of an American demise in Vietnam eventually spread to popular entertainment and popular culture. Although the media generally spread the anti-war message, music artists picked up its caused and spread the message of peace to the younger generation. Artists such as Edwin Starr, Billy Joel and Bruce Springsteen were incredibly popular in the 1960s and early 1970s. Much of their work consisted of anti-Saigon lyrics which displayed the harsh realities of war, and explaining why our soldiers should come home. These songs and artists sparked the counter culture of the time generally knows as hippies. These peace loving people carried out the messages of these artists peace, love and respect; their main goal was the end the Vietnam War and to create peace.  [16]  This counter-culture spread rapidly, especially among young people. Because of its amazing popularity, the media covered most of youth rallies and protests, such as draft card burnings and Human-Be-Ins.  [17]  This excessive media attention spread the counter-culture even further, spreading its ideas across the Unite d States. Because more people were being aware of these acts of civil disobedience, more people were tempted to follow the crowd. As more people got caught up in the movement the number of people at the protests rose, from as little as 700 participants in 1964 to 500,000 total in 1967.  [18]  This primarily shows how an anti-war bias spread by the media found its way into popular culture, which then caused many citizens to protest the war. Even those who did not go out and protest, which was the majority of the country, regarded the Vietnam War as a mistake.  [19]   Throughout the 60s and early 70s time, American citizens were constantly fighting against American involvement in Vietnam. Hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated every year to bring American troops back home. The number of people demonstrating kept rising as the approval rating for the war lowered exponentially every year.  [20]  As more people started demonstrating, pop-culture heavyweights, such as boxer Muhammad Ali and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. publicly endorsed peace. Not only did this lead to an increase in media coverage of the issue, but it also lead those who were fans of those public figures to become active in the fight for peace in Vietnam. Civil disobedience was on the rise more than 16 million American citizens dodged the draft by the end of the Vietnam War.  [21]  Also, in 1967, a group of flower power hippies marched on the Pentagon where they were blocked by National Guard troops, and subsequently they put flowers in their gun barrels (Appendix A).  [22]  A photographer, Bernard Norman Boston took a photo of the incident, and it became the runner up for the Pulitzer Prize that year, further broadcasting the strength of the counter-culture movement in the United States. The more media converge there was, the more people decided to join the movement for peace. The media even had a profound effect on the soldiers stationed in Vietnam; some GIs decided to resist the commands of the US army. The army in Vietnam, according to Marine Colonel Robert D. Heinl Jr., a veteran combat commander with over 27 years experience in the Marines, and the author of Soldiers Of The Sea, was on the verge of collapse: By every conceivable indicator, our army that now remains in Vietnam is in a state approaching collapse, with individual units avoiding or having refused combat, murdering their officers and non commissioned officers, drug-ridden, and dispirited where not near mutinous. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sedition, coupled with disaffection from within the ranks, and externally fomented with an audacity and intensity previously inconceivable, infest the Armed Services  [23]   Not only was the army mutinous, but there were also many fragging incidents that occurred on bases. Fragging, is where there is a bounty placed upon a commanding officer, and that man is to be murdered, and whoever does it gets a monetary reward. These bounties were placed in underground army newspapers which majority of the army read.  [24]  In the year of 1970 alone, there were 209 reported fraggings.  [25]  The people responsible for the fraggings mostly got away with it too, as the armys justice system was quite corrupt: The Armys Judge Advocate Generals Corps estimated that only 10% of fragging attempts resulted in anyone going to trial..  [26]  Although there were those who took action against their superiors, there were also those who ran away. By 1970, the U.S. Army had 65,643 deserters almost four infantry divisions worth of troops.  [27]  In 1966 the desertion rate was 14.7 per thousand, in 1968 it was 26.2 per thousand, and by 1970 it had risen to 52.3 per thousand; absence without leave was so common that by the height of the war one GI went AWOL every three minutes.  [28]  From January of 67 to January of 72 a total of 354,112 GIs left their posts without permission, and at the time of the signing of the peace accords 98,324 were still missing.  [29]  The army also resisted politically, releasing underground news papers to solders. By 1972 around 300 anti-war and anti-military newspapers, with titles like Harass the Brass, All Hands Abandon Ship and Star Spangled Bummer had been published by enlisted men.  [30]  Hundreds of GIs created these papers, but their influence was far wider with thousands more who helped distribute them, and tens of thousands of readers.  [31]  They were also those determined to stop the war based on the act of sabotage; in June of 1972 the USS Ranger was apparently disabled by sabotage, and it had to return to its home base for repairs.  [32]  A movement that embodied this ideology wa s SOS Stop Our Ship. They used petitions to try and get their superiors to ground naval operations.  [33]  Even the troops, who may have had a lack of media knowledge, knew the war was wrong, and they decided to do something about it. They did all of this not only because they were saving themselves from being killed unnecessarily, but also because they knew the war which they were fighting was either not worth the fight or it was unjust. The media was the most decisive factor that drove the United States to end the war. Indirectly, they caused the public to accept that the war was unwinnable and that it would keep taking up the time and resources of the U.S. By conveying their message to popular culture artists, the media was able to target a larger audience, which was also coincidentally more active group socially. These people led protests which were both seen and heard by the national government. The media instigated these protests, displaying primarily anti-war protests on the daily news. Not only was the war being lost overseas, a battle against the government was being fought at home to end the war. Because of the constant pressure from Americas citizens and the North Vietnamese Army, the U.S decided to withdraw from Vietnam, letting Saigon fall into enemy hands, but at the same time, sparing many American lives. Although the media may have ended up tarnishing the honor of the United States with its first major loss since its creation, it stopped a cycle that would have ended up killing more American soldiers. Without the media causing an end to the war in Vietnam, the US would have been in a much worse place than it is today. Word Count: 2101

Communication Skills To Deal With Aggressive Patients Nursing Essay

Communication Skills To Deal With Aggressive Patients Nursing Essay This essay will illustrate a personal experience, which demonstrates how practitioners use good communication skills to deal with anger and aggression in patients who are in pain and also recognize and respect choice and religious needs of clients. I was student radiography of about 11 weeks on my first clinical placement. I was working on x ray department which I dealt with and angry and religious patients. . I aim to explore my feelings about the events that transpired, and describe what I would do differently if anything similar situation happens in the future using Graham (1998) framework for reflection. The first centre of discussion shall be in reference to a patient who I will identify as Mr X , to maintain confidentiality Nursing and Midwifery Council 2008) who came for x ray examination for his leg which was in plaster. As a student I attended Mr X with his consent and under the supervision of the mentor. Mr X stormed out of the room in anger after learning that I did not do the procedure right and another x ray was required. That would mean going over the process again yet the patient couldnt bear the pain. The second centre of discussion shall be referred to a nineteen year old Muslim female who was referred from the outpatient department to the x ray department for a head scan due to persistent severe headache. I was doing receptionist duties and I booked her in. She was wearing a religious dress code that covered from head to toe apart from the eyes. As it was against her religion, she refused to take off the cloth covering her head for the scan to be conducted. Before her examination she came back to the reception office to ask if she could get a private room for a prayer.   I gave her directions to a prayer room. Having been into placement for only first time I did not have knowledge to dealt or experience to dealt with angry and aggressive patients who are in pain. I remember that I lost my confidence and I was very upset about myself for failing to handle the situation in a professional manner. As a student radiographers, I should recognise anger and aggression and find out the root cause of it. I am now aware that the best way of dealing with someones anger is to assess and recognise how they are feeling in order to help and diffuse the situation, Walker et al (2004). In light of the above case, I should have apologised for the mistake and use effective communication skills in explanation the the procedure needed for a repeat of the X ray was necessary. The best way to react to clients anger is by listening and acknowledging it. Acknowledgment of anger is very important because the client will definitely calms down. There are proven ways to diffuse tense situations and control anger before it rises to the level of conflict. Empathetic listening is necessary in this case, listen to the patient and truly understand his or her feelings and their needs. It is a way of disagreeing, without being disagreeable. Listen empathetically to the patients distress and apologise without getting defensive. Honest expression means explaining to the patient that you acknowledge his or her frustration in being told to go over the x ray examination process again, but the patient should understand that you a future radiographer and students make mistakes. Students should bear in mind that, any hurtful things said by the client are as a result of his extreme suffering and they need time to work through their anger. Recent study suggests that, older people may use anger as a strategy for maintaining some sense of power over their own lives because as long as they remain angry or resistant, people will notice them. Walker et al (2004), as people get older, they are exposed to a wider variety of situations and are therefore less likely to find new situation stressful, though some older people may be resistant to change. The patient was in severe pain, so i would think he used anger and aggression as a pain coping strategy. Cowan (2000), anger is therapeutic in relieving stress. Hyland and Donaldson (year please) say, health care professional can reduce patient anger by providing the information the patients wants about his condition. So communication plays a very important part in diffusing tense situations. This experience taught me that, anger and aggression could be used as cover for deeper problems. Anger could be a cover up for fear, being used as a shield to keep other people at a distance so they are unable to see ones insecurities and weaknesses, Booth (2003). In real life, older adults are known to express anger outwardly less often and report more inner control of anger using calming strategies as compared to their younger counterparts unless and otherwise. So, looking at the whole incident, the patient was upset to the core by the idea of going over the process again yet the pain was unbearable. I felt that the mr X was trying to express the stress he was going through due to pain. As a student radiography I should try to use my communication skills effectively to take control of the situation by calming Mr X down and be able to understand what he feels by listening to him and asking him questions. Communication is a two way flow of information that nourished client and profes sional relationship that establishes the base of information upon which health planning decision are made and programme developed Spradley and Allender (1996). . Health care professionals need to develop their communication skills of assessing patient. They should be able to form an impression of patients personality and assess the way patient reacts to particular types of situation, Alder et al (2004). To be more effective, as a student radiographers should attempt to understand the extent and expression of the anger, the specific problems resulting from the anger, the function the anger serves and the underlying source of the anger. As a muslim, I am already aware that religious Muslim females from conservative communities will not accept to be examined by a male health care professionals. When miss X arrived for a head scan, I should I have explained to her that there are not a female radiographer in duty to scan her. Unfortunately I did not know she will refuse to be seen by a male radiographer as she was in severe pain. However, I was called to talk to her. I managed to explain to miss X that uncovering her head for medical treatment for a few minutes was not a violation of Muslim religious rules and it was really important for the scan to be done, but she was not convinced. Miss X was a strict practicing young Muslim lady; I never thought she would put religion first before her own health. I told Miss X that I will be her during the examination but she strongly declined. Few minutes after this incident a female radiographer came to collect her payslip and I asked her if she could scan miss X as she refused h er colleague to examine her due to her religion belief. Religion is a very sensitive issue in health care. It plays a very important role in the lives of many religious clients. Putting religious needs first before health needs is unbelievable. This is how important religion is to other people. Many religions carry dress codes or guidelines on appearance and presentation. Overall, dress codes can be a powerful statement of self identity and be a marker of social identity that others will recognise, Giddens (2001). Muslim women are required to cover their bodies as a sign of modesty. Interpretation of the Haddiths differ, so you may see other Muslim women wearing just a head covering whereas others may only show their eyes and they are not allowed to take off their head covering in public or in the presence of men. Henley and Schott (1999) state that some religions provide detailed rules, which may cover aspects of daily life such as prayer, and wearing of religious symbols. Therefore, members of the public and staff should acknowledge diversity and respect the differences within and between groups of people. Health care professionals should understand that each individual is unique and recognise our individual differences, Townsend, cited in Mackay et al (1998). These could be along the dimensions of race, culture, age and religious beliefs. It would be fair to say that, many of the problems faced in the work place around the issue of religion stem from a lack of knowledge and information about other faiths do and believe. However, in health service, patients religion is often noted and disregarded; an important opportunity to find out more about the individual religious and spiritual needs is lost, Henley and Schott (1999). In todays multi cultural Britain, it is important for health care professionals to be aware of and appreciate the difference between Muslims and other religious groups and must demonstrate a non judgmental attitude towards clients. More training is required for members of staff to deliver a service of the highest standard that would not discriminate service users. In an attempt to appreciate diversity, most hospitals have reserved a room for prayers. Most religious patients would do a prayer before being seen for their appointments as they believe that a prayer could aid in recovery, not due to divine influence but due to psychological and physical benefits. Many studies have suggested that a prayer can reduce physical stress, regardless of the God or Gods a person prays to. Of course, other patients pray to seek guidance as the day progresses, and some say it promotes a more positive outlook and strengthen the will to live. In light of this, health care professionals need to demonstrate a willingness to learn about the patients religious beliefs and needs. They should have a deep understanding and a wider knowledge about a range of problems which arise from religious issues. In the provision of holistic care, both male and female radiographers should be always available on duty to meet the religious needs of Muslim clients and other religious groups. Failure to meet the religious needs of patients would be seen as discrimination on the grounds of religion. So, members of staff require appropriate training and a range of skills to successfully work with ethnic minority clients to promote social inclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚   I believed that a   good communication and open dialogue is the key to diffusing anger and providing culturally sensitive care. I am now prepared for patients who get angry and aggressive. I had always thought before that it would not happen to me and that the person who was verbally attack was to blame in some way. . In the future where patients have an aggressive history, I will be more on my guard. I do feel that I am more aware of the potential of anger and aggression and I have learned to approach situations in a different way from this experience. I have also prompted to read more about anger and aggression in the NHS and learn strategies to dealt with I will take the time to reassure and talk to the patient and ensure that I get their cooperative. Next time when I will be at reception duty, I will try to ask patients if they prefer to be seen by male or female radiographers. A female radiographer should be at least on call rota on duty. If possible, healthcare should be given by people of the same sex as the patient. For female patients, there is an overriding objec tive of modesty and privacy.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Essay --

The book â€Å"Caring for Yourself While Caring for Your Aging Parents† written by Clare Berman discusses all of the key issues involved in caring for an elderly parent. Berman discusses these issues by drawing from her personal experience and interviews with caregivers. Berman also provides advice and information on: Caregivers, stress among siblings, long distance caregiving, finances and nursing home care (Berman, 2005). This paper will evaluate the way in which the author handled the subject of caring for your aging parents as well as yourself, and how the book contributed to my understanding of the issues discussed. This paper will do so by reviewing a plot summary, character analyses and theme analyses. Plot Summary - Berman’s book serves as a guide for individuals who are involved in caring for aging parents, (and for those who see caretaking in their future). The book centers on the emotional stresses and needs of caregivers, while at the same time addressing all the practical issues they are likely to confront. Berman does this by drawing on her own experiences, the experiences of many other adult children, and interviews with specialists in geriatrics; Berman also discusses the wide range of emotions that can accompany caregiving (Berman, 2005). Character Analysis – The character I choose to examine is Clare Berman herself because she offers herself in her book as an example we all can pull from when we are faced with caring for our older adult parents. Berman is seen as the protagonist in the book due to her battle with caring for her aging mother and mother in law with Alzheimer’s. Berman’s core quest is to care for her aging mother and mother in law, while caring for herself. This quest is so important to Berman because w... ...ult children. The guilt that as a caregiver they were not doing enough and how as a caregiver you may feel guilt was a constant throughout the book. In terms of the characters I noticed a sprinkling of themes which connected all of them. The type of characters were hardworking, honest, loving caregivers who were seeking a happy medium between caring for themselves, their families and their older adult loved ones. All of the characters wanted to have a separate life as well as creating a good and healthy life for the older adult they are caring for. I believed the author’s intent is in creating such characters were to help us as the reader to connect to them and their struggles. It also seemed as though Berman wanted to demonstrate that all caregivers go through the same struggles and feelings of inadequacy about what they are doing through the context of the book.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Formation Of False Memories :: essays research papers

Have you ever been an eyewitness at the scene of a crime? If you were, do you think that you would be able to accurately describe, in precise detail, everything that happened and remember distinct features of the suspect? Many people believe that yes they would be able to remember anything from the events that would happen and the different features of the suspect. Some people, in fact, are so sure of themselves after witnessing an event such as this that they are able to testify that what they think they saw was indeed what they saw. However, using an eyewitness as a source of evidence can be risky and is rarely 100% accurate. This can be proven by the theory of the possibility of false memory formation and the question of whether or not a memory can lie.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There have been several experiments done to try to prove that false memories can indeed be formed. One experiment, for example, was tried with a 14-year-old boy. The boy was told four memories, one of which was falsely constructed but similar to that of a true memory. The memories that were suggested took place when the boy was about 10 years younger. As the false memory was retold to him, he was asked to explain in detail what he had remembered from that event. Surprisingly, he claimed to remember the event, even though it was falsely created by the interviewer and his brother, and went on to explain what he remember to have happened, details and all. After collecting everything he had said about the four memories, he was told that one of the suggested memories was made-up and he was asked to guess which one it may have been. When he couldn’t decide which one it was, he was told that it was in fact the memory of getting lost in a store. He was confused and had trouble believing the truth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similar studies were done to a different set of college students and they tended to have the same results. After giving as much detail about each memory, the students were interviewed about what they may have written done about what they had remembered. During the last part of the experiment, each of the students were debriefed and asked to guess which memory they believed was false.

The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bul

The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia During the past few decades, Western culture has witnessed an enormous explosion in the number of eating disorders reported among young women. One such type of eating disorder is Butimia Nervosa. According to the DSM-IV criteria it is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in which the person experiences a feeling of "loss of control",and recurrent compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. Both of these behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Finally, there are two subcategories of bulimia. There is the purging type in which the person regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of diuretics or laxatives. The other type is the nonpurging group in which the person engages in other inappropriate compensatory behaviors rather than self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) Several studies have focused on stress as one important variable in the onset or occurrence of eating disorders such as bulimia. In addition, they explore the different situations or events which bulin-fics consider to be stressful and the various ways in which bulimics cope with these stressors. In this paper I plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the following related studies and attempt to answer the question, What is the role of stress in the development of DuUnfia? Do Bulimics Appraise Stress Differently? It is possible that bulimics may appraise potential stressors differently from other individuals. For example, in comparison to nonbulimics, people with bulimia may appraise the situation as being more s... ...ic Disorder with Agoraphobia on Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Case Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18,195-198. Compas, B.A., Rosen, J.C., & Tacy, B. (1993). The Relation Among Stress, Psychological Symptoms, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14,153-162. Cooper, P. J. & Steere, J. (I 993). The Effects of Eating of Dietary Restraint, Anxiety, and Hunger. Intemational Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 211-219. Lopez-lbor, A. J. (1991). The nosological entity buhmia nervosa. Actas Luso-Espanolas de Neurologia, 19, 304-325. Killen, J.D., Maron, D.J., Robinson, T.N., Saylor, K.E., Taylor, C.B., & Telch, M.J. (1987). Evidence for an Alcohol-Stress Link among- Normal Weight Adolescent's Reporting Purging Behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 349-3 56. The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia Essay -- Causes of Bul The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia During the past few decades, Western culture has witnessed an enormous explosion in the number of eating disorders reported among young women. One such type of eating disorder is Butimia Nervosa. According to the DSM-IV criteria it is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in which the person experiences a feeling of "loss of control",and recurrent compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. Both of these behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Finally, there are two subcategories of bulimia. There is the purging type in which the person regularly engages in self-induced vomiting or the misuse of diuretics or laxatives. The other type is the nonpurging group in which the person engages in other inappropriate compensatory behaviors rather than self-induced vomiting, laxatives, or diuretics. (American Psychiatric Association, 1993) Several studies have focused on stress as one important variable in the onset or occurrence of eating disorders such as bulimia. In addition, they explore the different situations or events which bulin-fics consider to be stressful and the various ways in which bulimics cope with these stressors. In this paper I plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the following related studies and attempt to answer the question, What is the role of stress in the development of DuUnfia? Do Bulimics Appraise Stress Differently? It is possible that bulimics may appraise potential stressors differently from other individuals. For example, in comparison to nonbulimics, people with bulimia may appraise the situation as being more s... ...ic Disorder with Agoraphobia on Eating Disorder Symptomatology: A Case Study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18,195-198. Compas, B.A., Rosen, J.C., & Tacy, B. (1993). The Relation Among Stress, Psychological Symptoms, and Eating Disorder Symptoms: A Prospective Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 14,153-162. Cooper, P. J. & Steere, J. (I 993). The Effects of Eating of Dietary Restraint, Anxiety, and Hunger. Intemational Journal of Eating Disorders, 13, 211-219. Lopez-lbor, A. J. (1991). The nosological entity buhmia nervosa. Actas Luso-Espanolas de Neurologia, 19, 304-325. Killen, J.D., Maron, D.J., Robinson, T.N., Saylor, K.E., Taylor, C.B., & Telch, M.J. (1987). Evidence for an Alcohol-Stress Link among- Normal Weight Adolescent's Reporting Purging Behavior. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 6, 349-3 56.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Export data into external source (m3) Essay

Explain the Impact of Organisational Policies on the Troubleshooting and Repair Process (P1) Referring to the policies related to the College’s network. Produce an audio recording for the Network manager to explain the impact of their organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process. Introduction In this documents, I am going to be explaining the impact of organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process, I am going to be talking about the organisational policies, such as considerations e.g. security, costs, systems downtime, disruption, resource allocation, prioritisation, contractual requirements, trend analysis, escalation procedures, documentation, reporting, contractual legal issues. Organisational Policies An organisational policy is expected to do many things. Primarily it should protect people and information, as well as set the rules for expected behaviour by users, system administrators, management and security personnel. It should also authorise relevant personnel to monitor, probe, investigate, define and authorise the consequences of violations, in addition to defining the company’s baseline stance on security. This can help minimise risk and help track compliance with appropriate regulations. Security This policy is mainly responsible for making sure that all the security detail such as password and user accounts are secure so you have to make sure that you are the only person that uses the account. IT systems Acceptable usage policy requires from users to log off the computer as inappropriate people could get the access to the data that they shouldn’t. The user also shouldn’t install the unauthorized software as this could lead to the issues such as making the equipment unusable by affecting it performance. The users also have to make sure that the equipment is secure during the use of it and after. The users within college are not allowed to connect they own device to the college network if they don’t get authorization from the IT Manager. Costs In term of costs the members of the staff has to make sure that they examine all the purchasing and introduce the environmental criteria to make sure that the equipment meets all the requirements and condition. They are also required to research on the equipment that they are purchasing to make sure that there is no alternatives with are better or cheaper. They also have to encourage the use of recycled paper to make sure that people don’t use it in inappropriate reasons that are not associated with the course as they are spending the college money. If the potential user with in this case is the student brake the equipment the staff have to make sure that it was reported and the person that did it will have to pay back the money for it. Systems Downtime System downtime is usually affected by many issues but they all can be prevented if the right procedures have been taken and the staffs fallow all the legislations. In this case people have to make sure that they have the right equipment for example server. They also should make regular backups so student and teachers work don’t get lost. The regular maintainer should be taken at the end of each week. System downtime could cause a lot of damage as if the system would be down user wouldn’t be able to perform they daily routine. Disruption Disruption is when something unexpected happened and person responsible for that area is not preparing for it. Organization such as College should have plan for everything so in case that something happen they have solution to repair it and prevents it from happening. For example if users lose they work organization should back them up. In order to back the files up they would have to be prepare for this to happen. Resource Allocation All the resources should be right allocated. This mean that there shouldn’t be too much of resources for one place for example you cannot add too much of the paper for the printer as the printer could damage the paper if there are too many resources than it should be the company could lose a lot of money as they might spend money on the unimportant resources. Resources should be well balanced so if the resources are not needed they shouldn’t been used. Prioritisation The company should prioritize some of the aspect when performing repair as they might be more important and they should be repaired first. For example if network is down and at the same time printer is not working. The person that perform repair should concentrate on repairing network instead of printer as without network printer would be useless. Contractual Requirements In a company, the support team staff would be required to work shifts that will provide coverage for the employees when the offices are officially opened, they will also need to provide extra time in the evening and weekends, where they will carry out the essential maintenance which may have to involve some downtime. The hours that an employee will have to work will be set out for them in what is called an employment contract. They will be limited by the EU legislation and some other regulations such as working time regulations, which will provide the basic right and protections such as: A worker can be required to work at most an average of 48 hours a week (though workers can choose to work more if they want to). For night workers there is a limit of an average of 8 hours worked in 24. Night workers are entitled to receive free health assessments. All staff are entitled to 11 hours of rest a day and to one day off each week. When the working day is longer than 6 hours, workers must have an in-work rest break. Workers are entitled to 4 weeks of paid leave per year. These protections may or may not be in place. You should check your contract to find out any special conditions of service before signing. Trend Analysis The records that are kept of incidents and how these are dealt with can provide useful data how successfully the support team are running, so an organisational policy will decide the frequency of analysis and of data and exactly what type of data has to be recorded by the IT supporting team. Trends can then be identified which will then help with the formulation of the plans to provide better and more reliable hardware and software package, it may then also be used to target a form of training for the users who will need them the most. Trend analysis can then also be used to re-allocate budgets and resources to identify the hotspots. Escalation Procedures An escalation process in different support establishments vary depending on the type of service that they have. In a technical support group, this involves setting up thresholds for certain issues to be addressed at certain levels. Typically it is a tiered setup. For example, Tier 1 can handle issues that can be easily resolved by just a phone call and when the Tier1 representative feels that the issue cannot be resolved at his level (if for example the problem cannot be resolved by their team alone and needs to be addressed by other support teams/departments with higher level of authority) it is then escalated or moved to the next higher team. This way the issues are segregated depending on their severity and type of resolution. Documentation The procedures of documentation vary from one sector, or one type, to another. In general, these may involve document drafting, formatting, submitting, reviewing, approving, distributing, reposting and tracking, etc., and are convened by associated SOPs in a regulatory industry. Since a key step in the process management journey is the documentation of current processes and any exceptions to those processes, this article explores how to create a template for your process documentation guide. A template makes the process of documenting your processes repeatable. Repeatable is the word to remember here primary aspects of a process documentation guide should be easily duplicated and reused to create additional guides after the first process has been documented. This repeatability feature makes it less painful to create your documentation as you move through all the processes in an organization. It also provides readers with a common format to follow as they research or review processes within your organization. Reporting Reporting may seem like a simple exercise in transparency but it is more than that. In fact, it gives management an additional opportunity for improvement, through readers’ reactions, criticisms and suggestions. Considering stakeholder views also helps to shape strategy, goals and objectives. All the inputs from direct stakeholders should be carefully reviewed as part of a management learning process to adapt and fine-tune the company’s sustainable development objectives. Contractual Legal Issues Regardless of whether you use an agency or not, you will require some  knowledge of contract law and the ability to negotiate a suitable agreement. IR35 should be at the forefront of your mind throughout this process if you are to keep as much as possible of your pay packet out of the clutches of the taxman. On the most basic level, any agreement reached with a client must make clear that you are a contractor and not an employee. This distinction should be clear in both the contract and your modus operandi. Primarily, your contract should define exactly what you are agreeing to do for the client. In contrast to an employee, whose work may not be defined at all in the contract, you must make sure that the document clearly lays out the service or services that you are to provide. Conclusion So in conclusion, this document has been explaining the impact of organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process, I am going to be talking about the organisational policies, such as considerations e.g. security, costs, systems downtime, disruption, resource allocation, prioritisation, contractual requirements, trend analysis, escalation procedures, documentation, reporting, contractual legal issues. Hopefully, this would help an organisation in the process of troubleshooting and repair.